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Some thoughts about spirituality...
On this site, we tend to adopt fairly wide definitions of things, to avoid ignoring and excluding aspects which matter to people. Spirituality deals with the attitude, understanding and interaction individuals have with (for want of a better term) the unseen world. Spirituality is about an internal and individual reality, and how the individual expresses it.
Spirituality encompasses a wide range: from traditional religions, through personal belief in a God or gods, spirits, djins, angels and demons, fortune telling, lucky charms, fate and destiny, and on to the more secular areas where people commit their lives to the pursuit of things such as money, power and success.
John Bean (below) describes the project of Sam Harris to develop a non-religious spirituality as pseudo spirituality: this is a fairly common attitude, but it is not one we aim to adopt here. We make no judgement about what is valid or real spirituality - partly because nobody has appointed us as the arbiter of such things, and partly because we are more interested in understanding what people believe, what they do, and why they do it - and judging the validity of their beliefs rather gets in the way.
John Bean contributed the following.
Sam Harris, who wrote 'Waking Up: Searching for Spirituality Without Religion', is one of the 'new atheists'; he is trying to create a non-religious (pseudo) spirituality based on reductionist neuroscience. I agree with Harris that spirituality is important, indeed vital. The trouble is he draws on his neuroscience to follow the Buddhist idea of no-self, whereas I think the Christian idea is for a selfless self. We become selfless by dying to the ego-self as it were. This is what am trying to say in my paper. In terms of Sam Harris I am afraid I can't help thinking of what the Christian mystic Jean-Yves Leloup wrote “The ego is like a clever monkey, which can co-opt anything, even the most spiritual practices, so as to expand itself”."
I also agree with Sam Harris that spirituality is important (it is increasingly being recognized as a vital part of our humanity), but I think he misses an equally important point: as social creatures we need to share our spirituality, and shared spirituality is what we call 'religion'. You can have your own private spirituality, but as soon as you try to communicate it, you need words; and as soon as you find a way which helps others discover and connect with (possibly) the same spirituality, you have tradition and ritual.
People often say they like spirituality but dislike religion; when pressed, this is often revised to a dislike of organized religion. And what they dislike in organized religion is, for the most part, human failings. In other words, they are comparing the simplicity and purity of their own imagined 'true' religion against the complicated, messy and often disappointing reality of someone else's religion.
But, if people feel a need for religion - even if it is expressed in modern, non-religious terminology, then criticizing the existing religions is not enough - the only useful thing to do is to create a better religion which people are prepared to follow
It is worth remembering that religion and spirituality are not the whole picture here: many people also have some kind of supernatural experience - that is, an experience which they understand and describe as supernatural. These take many different forms, and many people in the 'civilized' West feel very reluctant to talk about them, out of fear of what others might say. But when I ask people about supernatural experiences, an astonishing number tell me of events they cannot explain from within the standard secular and scientific worldview we are all expected to share - and they often don't fit into a standard religious world model, either.
- Kate Golembiewski in Atlas Obscura documents some supernatural experiences described by some ordinary people in Norway.
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